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Diseño y análisis integrados de CA y CD
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A Ground Grid design project is presented in a steel plant in Mexico and the objective is to reduce the step and touch potentials in the area of electric arc furnaces of 50 kA connected to transformers of 13.8/0.6 KV and that in the moment of melting, they create dangerous currents for the workers who operate these furnaces. The project is executed from the field measurements of the resistivity of the ground and the design of the ground grid with the ETAP finite element method (FEM) and the construction of the grid is executed up to the foot of the ovens, thereby reducing said potentials to safe values for the workers, contributing to a safer work area.
ETAP Power System Software, with its various analysis modules is used to validate the design of Larsen & Toubro Construction – Buildings and Factories projects in airports, data centers, hospitals, office buildings etc. Network Analysis, such as Load Flow and Short Circuit Calculations, ensure load shedding and voltage drop within permissible limits, Transformer Sizing Analysis is utilized to meet standard requirements. Cable Sizing and Cable Pulling Modules, along with UG Thermal Analysis modules, validate cable routing at various underground locations. These tools allow for easy planning and approval at the initial project stage. On Safety and Protection – STAR curves help to find the correct protection and selectivity for prestigious projects with critical operations such as airports, data centers, office buildings and hospitals, to ensure smooth power flow without interruptions. Arc Flash Modules help us to quickly create & define Arc Flash Labels, as well as PPE requirements. Ground Grid Analysis is used for effective and economical earth mat design and sizing. Reliability Assessments are part of the design process to ensure the AIDI and CAIDI reliability metrics. Harmonic Analysis, for the sizing of active and passive filters allows for fine-tuning of filter design at the right locations.
At a given nuclear power plant, nuclear safety is directly dependent on a reliable source of electric power supplied via the plant’s auxiliary power system. The auxiliary power system typically consists of an MV and LV AC and a DC distribution system, powering thousands of individual loads and circuits, i.e., pumps, fans, valves, sensors, and controls specifically designed to protect the integrity of the nuclear reactor and containment structures. This presentation will explore past practices and recent developments in the online monitoring of such systems using a digital twin. The presentation includes the reasons for utilizing online monitoring, the advantages of using a digital twin versus simple data collection, and the multi-faceted benefits realized from such a system (i.e., business, safety, reliability).
The Electrical Risk Management (ERM) group at FTI uses ETAP to provide short circuit, coordination, and arc flash studies as a part of building a safety program for industrial facilities around the US and Canada. This presentation will describe our approach to an overall safety program and the ways that a safety program encompasses more that just an engineering study. Some topics to be discussed are the need for maintenance personnel to understand the labeling, assessing the risk vs. just looking at the label, the choice between full coordination and arc flash hazard, field verification, and bolted fault current vs arcing fault current as it relates to equipment evaluation. We will look at the ETAP model of one of our industrial customers and discuss the benefits of using ETAP for our studies – reliability, adaptability to many systems by using configurations and scenarios, wizards, availability of DC and MV calculations, Star TCCs, ease of exporting reports to Excel, and solar and wind sources capability.
This study simulates the impact of step loading on the transient stability of a 2 x 25 MW GTG-based captive power plant at one of the Chemical Fertilizer Plants located at Trombay, India. The variation of electrical frequency and terminal voltage of the generator during the most conservative step loading of one generator unit is studied. The loads divided in steps are switched at certain time intervals to determine whether the frequency profile of the system is within the acceptable limit of ±5%. Load Flow and Short Circuit Studies are performed on the entire power plant distribution network of the fertilizer plant in advance to check the adequacy of equipment ratings during normal and short circuit conditions with all verified input data. The step load response study is carried out with only one GTG unit running in isolation, feeding only the critical emergency loads. Transient behavior of the GTG unit is simulated with IEEE transfer function dynamic models, viz. AC8B model of excitation system (AVR) and IEEE GGOV1 model for turbine governing system using the in-built standard library in ETAP software version 16.1.0. Various parameters of the generator like speed, active and reactive power, bus voltage, and frequency are plotted for determining the transient performance of the GTG unit.
This presentation aims to explain the necessary steps to comply with national grid code standards; an exemplary case of a steel manufacturing plant with intensive use of induction furnaces and a THD that exceeded the Grid Code's limits. This presentation highlights compliance, analysis, engineering (electrical power system studies), and equipment designed to comply with the technical criteria and mitigation. ETAP was used to size a filter to mitigate harmonics and improve the power factor for 34.5 kV transformers for grid code compliance.
Co-simulation is the cooperative simulation of a system model through different software packages. Collaborative simulation, as such, spans more physics domains and offers more insight than single-domain engines alone. Therefore, the collective composition of its parts enables multi-domain, multi-physics simulation results.ETAP CoSim™ enables ETAP simulation engines to collaborate and interact. For example, the ETAP Time Domain Power Flow can co-simulate with ETAP Harmonic Analysis to assess harmonics distortion over time. ETAP CoSim platform also enables ETAP and 3rd party tools to co-simulate and solve large, complex, and multi-disciplinary system models—collectively via an efficient API surface. The ability to co-simulate with third-party software extends existing software capabilities into the multi-physics domain and greater situational awareness. This solution presentation will introduce the concepts of co-simulation and the flexible ETAP CoSim platform. The presentation will also highlight commercial use-cases of Phasor and Electromagnetic co-simulation using emtCoSim™ and Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (CHIL).
Many protection functions such as over/under frequency, out-of-step, generator loss of excitation are set based on power system dynamic characteristics. These protection functions were conventionally set with the assumption that, system dynamics are predictable using simplistic and aggregated models. Higher penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) has made power system dynamics considerably more complex to predict through conventional approaches. ETAP offers a new solution to perform unified protection and transient stability study to accurately capture interactions between system dynamics and protection system. This solution allows protection engineers and network planners to 1- tune protection settings to act properly during system dynamics, 2- design and test remedial protection schemes, 3- evaluate all protection functions such as out-of-step, overcurrent and generator loss of excitation protection function and 4- perform grid code studies that require evaluating DER performance along with its protection system.
The traditional power system model and desktop-based analysis work well for greenfield projects. It becomes incredibly challenging to make use of the modeling in a brownfield project. The network routes are limited by existing infrastructure and road layouts. A new design for a built-up urban area is possible by multiple iterations of cable lengths, optimal routes, placement of electrical assets, etc. The iterative process becomes more manageable by having a georeferenced map of all interest areas with high accuracy. GIS-based software becomes extremely helpful to undertake a brownfield design. However, the challenge remains in extracting the GIS data into a power system software in executing the electrical analysis. ETAP is breaking ground in this avenue. EnergyTron is closely working to implement this on a large scale, potentially the largest in the world for this type of project analysis.
Due to system shutdowns stemming from drastic frequency decline associated with the loss of relatively large generating units, Fortis TCI embarked on exploring opportunities to curtail these events to improve system response. This was achieved through detailed modeling and validation of system parameters with event data gathered from previous events. Carefully implemented Remedial Action Schemes are currently explored to provide cost-saving benefits; significantly improving frequency response, without the need for larger spinning reserves and minimize investment costs for BESS.